Thermostat



a Sheets-Sheet 1.

' (ModeL) J. L. CAMPBELL.

vTH-El-LMOSTAT. N No. 316,738. Patented Apr. 28, 1885 (MedeL) a Sheets-Shet a.

' J-. L. CAMPBELL.

THERMOSTAT. No. 316,738. Patented Apr. 28, 1885.

1-131 men 2 412:

QWHE F- I I A 7 4W fi JAMES L. CAMPBELL, OF VEST ELIZABETH, PENNSYLVANIA.

THERMOSTAT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 316,738, dated April 28, 1885.

Application filed June23,1884. (ModeL) 1 To all whom it may concern;

Be it known that 1, JAMES L..CAMPBELL,

of West Elizabeth, in the county of Allegheny.

and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use it, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form part of thisspecification.

My invention relates to an improvement in thermostats or heat regulators and ventilators to be used in connection with incubators, greenhouses, dwellings, churches, theaters, or any place where an even temperature is desired; and it consists, first, in the combina tion of the wooden bar with two straps of any suitable material, or wires which are applied to opposite sides thereof, and which straps or wires are provided with suitable means for increasing or decreasing their tension with the lever which extends a suitable distance upward, a clock mechanism for operating the revolving rod or lever, a valve which is placed in a suitable opening, a connecting-rod between the clock-work and the valve, and a connecting-rod between the clock-work and the upper end of the lever which is connected to the lampburner; second, in a valve which is placed in a suitable opening, and connecting both to the clock-work and to the lever which operates the lamp-burner, a revolving lever, and a lever which is connected with the thermostat; third, in the combination of the wooden bar,the two straps or wires which are applied to opposite sides thereof, a means for increasing or decreasing the tension of these parts, and a lever which is operated by one of the straps, all of which will be more fully described hereinafter.

The object of my invention is to place a valve in a suitable opening, and to so connect it with the thermostat and the clock-work mechanism that the slightest change or variation of temperature will cause the valve to open or close, as may be desired, and to turn on or shut off the heat at the same time, so

that when the valve is opened for the purpose of lowering the temperature the heat will be turned off, and when the valve is closed for the purpose of raising the temperature the heat will be turned on, and thus the temperature automatically regulated.

Figure l is a front elevation of athermostat or heat-regulator embodying my invention complete. Fig. 2-is an end view of the same. Fig. 3 is a rear view. Fig. 4 is a plan view. Fig. 5 is a plan View of the wooden bar and its attachments. Figs. 6 and 7 are detail views.

My invention is here shown in connection with an incubator; but it is to be distinctly understood that it is applicablefor regulating the heat wherever an even temperature is desirable. i I

A represents a rod of wood, which is suitably dried and prepared for use, in this connection by filling'its pores with boiled linseed oil, or by any other means that will render it water-proof and not easily affected by moisture. To opposite sides of this wooden bar are fastened the two straps B C. These straps may be made of either metal, rubber, or any other substance which is readily affected by changes of temperature, or metallic rods or wires can be used, if found more convenient than the straps. The strap B has both of its ends fastened rigidly to the wooden bar, as

shown, or one end only may be fastened rigidly, and the' other one provided with any suitable means for taking up any slack of the strap when it is expanded more than is desirable by the heat. A suitable bracket, D, is secured upon the top of the bar, and this bracket projects out over the topof the strap B and beyond the edge of the wooden bar any desired distance.

Through the end of the bracket D and through the strap is passed a suitable setscrew, E, which bears against the side of the wooden bar. WVhen this screw is turned in one directiomthe strap is forced outward from the side of the bar so as to tighten the strap, and in bearing against the wooden bar the bar is sprung slightly, and the effect of this upon the bar is to slightly shorten the bar upon the side upon which the set-screw is applied, and to lengthen the other side of the bar. WVhen this screw is turned in the opposite direction,the tension of the strap and the wooden bar are both relaxed.

The strap 0 is secured rigidly at one end to ice the wooden bar, and its other end is slotted where the screw F passes through it, and secured to'thi's' end of the strap is the screw F, which passes through the perforated plate G, which is secured to the end of the wooden bar. Upon this screw is placed the nut H, by means of which thestrap canbetightened. The screw F is not tightened in position until the strap has been sufficiently stretched by means of the nut and its screw; but after a suitable tension has been applied to this strap the screw F is tightened in place so as to prevent any possibility of the strap slipping.

In the center of the wooden bar, just opposite where the set-screw E bears against it,.. is. made a slot, opening, or recess, and in thi'srecess is placed a suitable spiral spring, I, the

v outer end of which bears against the strap outer end of the bracket is pivoted the lever M. Through this lever M, or an arm or projection which is formed upon its side, is placed a regulating-screw, 0 ,having the disk P'upon its inner end. This disk I bears against the frictionroller and regulates the amount of pressure. which is to be applied by the strap to the lever. The friction-roller serves to decrease the friction against the disk as much as possible., When the regulating-screw is turned in one direction, a greater pressure is brought to bear against the strap 0, and when turned in the opposite direction the disk is moved away from the strap so as to decrease thepressure on the lever. It is not necessary that this lever should be pivoted to the bracket and the regulatingscrew used in the manner shown, for the lever can be pivoted directly to the strap 0 and the regulating-screw and its disk and the friction-wheel be dispensed with, and then the adjustment can be made bythe screw at the end of the strap. 7

The wooden bar does not expand or contract by the changes in temperature, but the two straps B 0 do. As their ends are both fastened so that they cannot move, the additional lengths of the straps when expanded cause their central parts to move, and their motion is concentrated at their centers. When the strap B expands, the strain upon the wooden bar is relaxed, and the bar springs back into the position it was before the set-screw was tightened. When the strap 0 expands, the coiled spring serves to force its central part away from the side of the bar, and this movement at this point is caught by the regulatingscrew, which in turn communicates it to the lever. While the wooden barisslightly sprung by the pressure of the set-screw E the strap 0' is next to the bar.

is tightened, and it is thus drawn closer to the side of the bar and against the pressure of the spiral spring and away from the regulatingscrew. When the heat rises and the strap 0 expands,it becomes longer, and then the spiral spring forces it outward from the side of thebar and forces the friction-roller-against the end of the regulating-screw. At the same time that this strap 0 is lengthened by the heat, the strap B is lengthened, thus relaxing the pressure of the set-screw against the side of the wooden bar and allowing the bar to spring'back into place. The spring 0 being thus lengthened both by its own expansion and by the springing of the wooden bar back into place, it is forced-farther from the sideof the bar by the spiral spring than could be done'if it had moved by its own expansion alone. When the temperature falls, both straps are contracted and the clock-work, R, of any suitable construction.

This clock-work consists simply of a spring and a train of any suitable number of wheels, and this lever Q is connected to the shaft.

of the last one of the wheels or pinions, so tint when the wheels revolve this lever will be made to sweep around through a circle.

One arm of this lever is longer than theother,

and one arm will always bear upon the topof the lever M. When the short arm of the lever Q rests upon the top of the lever M, it rests upon the side of the lever M which When the expansion of the straps causes the lever M to be forced back, the upper end of the lever M slips from under the short arm of the revolving lever Q.

When the lever Q makesa half-turn, its longest arm catches on the opposite side of the upper end of the lever M, or that side which is far thest from the bar. When the fall of temperature causes the lever M to move inward, its upper end slips from under the long. arm of the lever Q, the lever Q makesa half-turn, and its short arm catches'on that side of the upper end of the lever M which is nearest to the.

bar.

Bearing against the outer side of .theleverM is a suitable spring, R, which causes the lever to move inward as soon as the straps begin to contract. The lever being forced in one direction by this spring R and in the other direction by the expansion of the straps, has its upper end moved back and forth by every change of temperature. temperature becomes sufficiently marked, the movement of the upper end of this lever causes the revolving lever to make one-half of a revolution, and thus reverse its ends. S extends through on both sides of the move- When the change of i The shaft ICO ment and has the crank T attached to its rear end. To the wrist of this crank is attached the connecting-rod U, which rod U has its other end attached to the crank V of the valve W. Also attached to this crank is the con necting-rod X, which has its outer end attached to the upper end of the lever Y, which is pivoted upon one end of the frame, and is connected at its lower end by the connectingrod Z with the lamp-burner or other source of heat.

Through the top of the incubator, in the greenhouse or dwelling, is pivoted the valve WV, which when open allows the heated air to escape, and which when closed prevents the escape of the heated air, so that the temperature in the incubator, house, or dwelling will rise. As this valve WVand the lamp-burner or other source of heat are both connected to 1682111116 crank, it will readily be seen that when the valve W opens the upper end of the lever, which controls the heat, is drawn inward so as to turn down the lamp-burner or shut the source of heat off, and when the damper is closed the upper end of the lever Y is forced in the opposite direction for the purpose of turning on the heat for again raising the temperature. These parts being thus operated by the same crank, when the valve is opened the heat is shut off, and when the valve is closed the heat is turned on.

When the short end of the lever Q is resting upon the top of the lever M, the valve is closed, and when the long end of the lever Q, is resting on the upper end of the lever M the valve is open and the source of heat shut off. As the lever Q makes only one-half of a revolution at a time, the crank on the other end of the shaft is turned just far enough to cause the valve WV to open or close and at the sametime move the upper end of the lever Y just far enough to operate the burner or other source of heat.

The lamp-burner a is of any ordinary construction, and pivoted upon its top are the two leaves or reducers A, which are made to close against opposite sides of the wick when the heat is to be shut off, so as to turn down the flame to the lowest possible point. Each of these leaves or reducers is attached to a wire which is pivoted in the burner. The wire B has a weight, 0, connected to it at one end for the purpose of throwing the leaves or reducers outward from the wick when left free to move, and has the crank or bend D upon its other end for the purpose of catching over a corresponding crank or bend, E, upon the other wire, F. The opposite end of the wire F from the cranked one is formed into a loop, or catch, G, which is connected to the connecting-rod Z. These two wires, having their ends bent so as to engage with each other, are caused to move alike, and thus move the leaves away from the wick or against it at the same time. When the lower end of the regulating-lever Y is forced inward by the movement of the crank at the outer end, the weight 0 causes both leaves to instantly spring backward from the side of the wick, and thus allow a full blaze at once. i

The lampburner just described is used in connection with an incubator; but where my invention is applied to hot-houses, churches, theaters, or dwellings the lower end of thele- Iver Y will be connected by the rod Z with some other means of controlling the heatsuch as a damper to cut oft the draft.

' transom or opening which is made in the 1 In case it should be desired to dispense with the clockwork and the revolving lever, the

to control the heat.

Having thus described my invention, I claim- 1. In a heatregulator, the combination of the wooden bar with two straps, rods, or wires attached to opposite sides thereof, with the lever which is operated bythe expansion and contraction of the straps, substantially as shown.

2. In a thermostat, the combination of the wooden rod with the two straps, wires, or rods attached to opposite sides thereof, the setscrew for springing the rod upon one side, and the lever which is operated by the movement of the strap, spring, or rod upon the other side of the wooden bar, substantially as described.

3. The combination, in a thermostat, of the wooden bar, the two Straps, wires, or rods attached to opposite sides thereof, a set-screw for springing the wooden bar upon one side, and a suitable spring which is placed between the wooden bar and the strap upon the opposite side of the bar from the set-screw, and a lever which is operated by the movement of the strap which has the spring applied thereto, substantially as set forth.

4. In a thermostat, the combination of the wooden bar, the two straps, wires, or rods attached to opposite edges thereof, one of the straps being provided with a screw and nut for regulating the tension of the strap, substantially as specified.

5. The combination, in athermostat, of the wooden bar, the two straps, wires, or rods attached to opposite sides thereof, a set-screw for springing the wooden bar, a coiled spring which is placed between the side of the bar and the inner side of one of the straps, the

pivoted lever, a revolving lever, and a mechanism for moving the revolving lever, operating the valve,and shutting off and turning on the heat, substantially as shown.

6. The combination of the wooden rod or bar, the straps, wires, or rods attached to opposite sides thereof, a set-screw for springing the bar upon one of its sides, a coiled spring, a pivoted lever, and aregulating-screw,which is connected to the lever, aspring for hearing against the lever upon one side, a revolving to the thermostat, may be connected by a conand the movement of the lever M thus made IIG strap, wire, or rod, a revolvinglever, amechanism for revolving the lever, a valve which is placed in a suitable opening, and a mechanism'which is attached to the source of heat, substantially as set forth.

8. The combination of a lever which is moved at its lower end by the expansion and contraction of a strap,.rod, or wire, a spring for bearing against the side of the lever, a revolvinglever having arms of different lengths, a mechanism for revolving this lever, and which is provided with acrank, avalve which is connected to the crank, and a lever which controls the heat, the valve and the lever being operated at the same time, substantially as specified.

9'. The combination of a thermostat substantially as shown, a lever which is connected thereto, a revolving lever having arms of different lengths, a mechanism for revolving the lever and which is provided with a crank, and connecting-rods which are attached to this crank and extending in opposite directions, a valve provided with a crank, and a lever which turns on and shuts off the heat, substantially as shown.

10. The combination of the thermostat and a vertical lever which is connected to and op-- erated thereby, and which has its upper end to project through an opening in the top of the frame,with the pivoted lever Y, for operating the flame, and a suitable connection between the ends of the two levers, whereby the movement of one controls the movement of the other, substantially as set forth.

11. The combination of athermostat, a pivoted lever, Y, and a lamp-burner provided with two leaves or reducers, suitable pivotal wires which are connected together, one of which is provided with a counter-weight, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JAMES L. CAMPBELL.

Witnesses:

GEORGE J. CAMPBELL, J. M. SHOAF. 

